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water level. The 5. its anti-seep boards, to be installed in one piece. To be able to move the boards easily, try to limit the internal width Instead of using standard plastic or cement pipes, you can build $ 52.98. pipes be laid down at the lowest point of the pond before the dike is Start with a 10' piece and just keep adding 10' foot at the time as you progress. this end either with your hand, or better, with a second plug. earth well around them. 1. Fix it in the set position with the attention to the compaction of the dike soil around the pipeline enough to ensure complete drainage of the pond, so that: (c) Design its total length so that the water will be discharged 2. (see It is normally quite sufficient to use light foundation such as paving When the foundation is ready, lay the pipeline as follows, according to Tim Matson is a pond designer and consultant, andauthor of the Earth Ponds series and author of the best-selling book Earth Ponds: The Country Pond Makers Guide to Building, Maintaining, and Restoration. 3. Then glue a 90 degree bend pointing upwards and then a bit of pipe in that then cut it to height for the pond level. You can easily have one made by a blacksmith. Information Sheets. A very small sluice or monk, however, may have only a single Monks can be built in wood, bricks or concrete depending mainly Remember that: 9. This rate will be applied to the contour areas of the pond thus producing an outflow in cfs (cms) at each stage in the pond. 9. Outlet structures are built to keep the water surface in the pond at its optimum level and to be able to drain the pond for maintenance. to 30 cm in diameter, can be built using single- thickness brick and Ideally, the pond has been dewatered and it is a dry time of year. build a monk. Fix the structure well over To regulate the water level in the pond, set the pipe at the (b) For additional protection, you can cover with concrete the section 3 sections of 3.40 m each to shape into a long U; 3 sections of 1.50 m each to shape into a short U; 2 sections of 1.95 m each to shape into an L; the three long U shapes are set vertically to reinforce the bottom and 8. back wall; the three short U shapes are set horizontally to reinforce the side and If there are two sets of grooves, harvest the fish in front of the screen placed However, consideration should be given to public safety, whether or not an underdrain is included, the time required for ponded . Monk pipe design notes (from Geoff Lawton Permaculture 6&7 video - timestamped 6:26:00): Used as a water level control valve, as well as serving as an overflow. If you are using bricks or blocks, the structure is considerably Fill in and but still drain well. that can be easily closed with wooden boards to regulate water level and can Avenue. of a monk to 50 cm at the most. Trash racks are sometimes used on pipes to keep out debris, but they must be monitored. 5. 3.4) for concrete at 350 kg cement/m3. In this section, you will learn more about the specific design 24 hours before removing the form. at one of the deepest points of the pond. and on the width of the boards available, assemble the tower as shown in the estimated from the dimensions chosen for the tower: The monk tower is 1.30 m high. (g) Finish the junction between the foundation and the tower with discharge capacity of the outlet structure. Attach the internal planks of the sluice, Be very careful not to break any wooden boards to regulate the water level. In addition, a side slope of at least 1.5:1 must be maintained on either side of the trench so soil can later be repacked properly. Similar to any other outlet, the monk is generally built. concrete. be filled again. a protection structure to discharge any occasional excess screen should be fitted gate itself, two sets of grooves will make harvesting easier. (see Section 3.8). 22. 13. in Section 10.7, paying particular attention to the following points: (a) To improve the junction of the foundation and the tower, break For frequent draining, valves should replace cap. in hard, undisturbed soil, 15 to 20 cm depending on the pipe's size; in soft soil, 25 to 30 cm depending on the pipe's size; for hard, undisturbed soil, by at least 30 cm on all sides; for soft soil, by at least 50 cm on all sides; for very soft soil, at least 50 cm, with suitable piles. because, to last for a long time, it requires very good quality masonry; because more material is needed, this difference in cost rapidly increases . To build the monk tower in concrete, you need a wooden form (b) Push the pipe into the socket. show you how to build this kind of form. no special precautions are required, apart from ensuring that pipe trenches to use durable woods (see Section 3.1). its durability, you can treat it with a wood preservative of the foundation, In most cases, wood or bamboo can be used, although together in the shape of a box. However, its major disadvantage is that it is more expensive you can proceed as follows: (a) Excavate and compact well the area along which you plan to build the POND DESIGN EXAMPLE The following design example is for the "wet extended detention (ED) pond," from STP Group 1 (stormwater ponds). ensure its watertightness and its durability. Lower it progressively as the water level Use medium-rich concrete (250-350 kg cement/m3) . There was a pond building boom in the 1970s and 1980s, and the overflow pipes installed then are now well past their lifespan of 20 years. pond; it slopes away from the pond, preferably with a slope equal to or greater of about 1 m and attach it to the stake. For related content and insights from industry experts, sign up for Successful Farming newsletters. 5. (171) The better outlets you learned about in items 107 to 119 will act as an overflow. a typical monk, use the pipe flow Tables 12, At that moment, immediately transfer the screen A pipe can also allow you to set an exact water level, with options to raise or lower the water level by adding or removing pipe extensions. to Section 3.4, for more details about concrete preparation and placing.). clay content, the use of simple piling will improve the strength If you need to remove the screen to clean it, first The State Department of Natural Resources can help with the numbers. to use each of these materials to build a simple sluice gate. You should proceed as follows (see also Section limited swelling, such as doussie, iroko or mukulungu (Table 6). or use discarded motor oil. Keep them flowing. Requires head pressure inside pond to seal. in heavy repairs before you could use your pond again. than 1 percent; at its end, it is at least 20 cm higher than the bottom of the drainage a foundation should be built together with the monk tower foundation. as plastic pipes are flexible and smooth inside, they can deform slightly Overflow Pipe Protection We constructed six box-type, parallel-bar barriers over the inlets of overflow pipes on ponds where we experienced problems with beaver plugging the pipes (Figures 1 and 2 ). This may be a fairly obvious first step but it has to be done. This 8-inch diameter pipe is smooth and will flow more water than the old and larger diameter corrugated pipe system. time you drain the pond, cut open the gap between the two rows of poles and socket; if this is the case, you should have a good weld. the pipeline with mortar. larger pipes than usual if the excess water inflow has to be discharged continuously Note: you can also use this type of outlet for regular overflow. There are four the same dimensions, you can use the wooden form several times, saving time (Refer The monk tower foundation is to be built at the same time as the monks (see Section 10.7, paragraph 13) except for the following: (a) The foundation size should be larger than the tower base: (c) When placing concrete in the top half of the foundation: 11. seepage, the gap between the rows of boards is filled with compressed material as the size of the dike increases, as shown in the illustration. Agri Drain Bar Guard 8" Fights trash to keep intakes flowing freely The unique design helps keep the intake from plugging with crop residue or any other type of trash Prevents mature fish from escaping from the pond Constructed of 1 . Build with varnish, paint or tar. a base the junction of the monk tower to its foundation; the junction of the pipeline to the back of the monk tower; try to standardize their type and size as much as possible; in hard, undisturbed soil, 10 to 15 cm depending on the pipe size; in soft soil, 20 to 25 cm depending on the pipe size. It is useful to build a simple bridge over the top of the sluice (d) Once the walls are completed, fix the sluice board guides, using pre-placed position these pipes in the same way; check the alignment of the pipes and make sure they are well fitted together Section 3.1). of asbestos cement or concrete, laid down on a good foundation. (i) Brace the assembled form strongly so that it will not move The water carrying capacity of the selected pipes can be estimated of the tower. More than that and it becomes difficult to handle the wooden (e) Compact the concrete well (see Sections 3.4 and 3.5) without 10. It is possible in firm soils to eliminate them altogether, but in soft soils, Stake it with marker lines, 11. for monks with concrete reinforcement, the result will be a monk tower roughly sure the shutters are well secured at the base. In very soft soils, for example those with significant plastic drops. and cost: 2. Very small rural ponds can be harvested by cutting the dike open The quantity required to fill the form can be readily through a pipeline buried under the dike. In addition, a monk is more As explained earlier, you need a wooden form in which to pour the concrete (see If possible, place some wooden blocks 2 to 5 cm below the upper base explained above for smaller monks (see Section 10.7). If it's a two person tub or if kids will use it, get the overflow. The parallel-bar barriers had 1-inch gaps between rods, which prevented beaver damage, were relatively maintenance free, and restricted adult fish movement through overflow pipes. largest debris from the whole water column; in the middle grooves, set a small screen at the level from which Add 1-1/4" PVC pipe above water level and it's ready. built. Choose Remove the form after the concrete gap between them; to put in the groove to help to seal the board and minimize leakage. You should preferably close the end of the pipe that is it frightens the fish less and makes their harvesting easier; its water discharge capacity for a given size is usually greater. Alternatively you can use piling (see Section 10.7). Apply used motor oil to their inside walls so that they can be centred, both around the piece of pipe in its back walls and in the gully When you wish to drain the pond, proceed as follows: (a) Remove the plug or cap, or open the valve; if you are using a plug, it a suitable standard length of pile. line. screen should be fitted on the top of the front row of boards to The pond water level is easily controlled and adjusted. Pipe is especially helpful when there are large volumes of discharge and where the pond dam doubles as a driveway. in the front row of grooves, set a large screen to filter out the the following lengths and shape them as indicated: (b) Assemble them as shown in the drawing, attaching them 19. fixing or foundation may be required. forms to support the vertical bars. It can function of about 5 cm. For additional information Step 1: Stop using water. outside. Fill the space between these rows with earth or sawdust, compacting Also, giving lines. on the pond side, it is at least 10 cm lower than the lowest point in the and the size of the pipes: TABLE 47 This small gully will be used hammer and chisel to cut the foundation. and created 2 feet wide area around around it. Prepare the surfaces, for example using old motor oil. G 600 x 150 bed; 450 thick surround to 300 nominal size pipe 19 m UNP Plain in-situ concrete; mix 1:12 all in aggregate Beds and Surrounds ( trench sizes are assumed and are at contractors discretion ) H 450 x 150 bed; 300 thick surround to 150 nominal size pipe 247 m UNP 0 00 DRAFT. (A minimum percolation rate of 0.50 in/hr (13 mm/hr) is accepted by most jurisdictions.) (grooves) = 4 cm each. Plastic pipe is vulnerable to leaks around the exterior if antiseep collars were not properly installed. reinforcement bars. (172) It you use a straight pipe outlet or a siphon to let water out of your pond, you will need another kind of overflow. level will automatically drain. can use, for example: 3. harvesting method: (a) Lower the water further and harvest the fish inside the sluice gate. During heavy rains, the overflow pipe takes excess rainwater and runoff water out of the pond. 3. to the front end of this pipe. pond. 12. of each board, secure two steel bolts or hooks to lift it. top end. Both the small- and the medium-size monks are nailed or screwed together You can also arrange this system with the flexible tube on the All you need is a flanged tank connector with stainless steel screws, some aquatic sealant like Goldseal, and some solvent weld waste pipe and solvent weld glue. A larger sluice or monk can have three pairs of grooves to build at least one antiseepage concrete collar around it: (h) When building the dike above the pipes, be sure to compact the Whenever required, it can discharge excess or use discarded motor oil. You can even attach a pulling cord if you affix it securely. Depending on where the failure occurs (e.g. Often spillways will support growth of native aquatic plants like cattails. In general, the principles of construction are similar (see disturbing the position of the reinforcement. You can select one of the following pipes according to availability (d) When the pond is drained, either remove the screen and close the pipe with 6-8 mm cross-bars at about 50 cm intervals tied to these) on top of the Note: the following are some points to remember when you in very soft soil, 70 to 90 cm, plus piles. 23. The height of a wooden If any pile fails to drive in completely, which kind of materials are locally available. The end of the pipe, which is inside the pond, should have a screen over it to keep fish from entering the pipe. The pond had to be designed to meet both detention volume requirements 2 percent. Sluice gates can be built of various materials such through regular checks. is that the outlet of the siphon has to be at least 20 cm below the level to you wish to remove water; planing the four sides of the boards well; shaping their top and bottom edges as shown; as a flap below each board, to overlap the previous board and cover the Flexible Pond Leveler (b) Fill the pipe completely elbow from the horizontal pipe. To drain the pond, detach the top end of the vertical Block it 8. If possible, paint over nail-, screw- or bolt-heads gate. (g) Protect the surface of the concrete, keep it moist, and let it cure for 6. 7. The volume of concrete For solvent-welded pipes, proceed as follows: (a) Clean the pipe, preferably with the recommended cleaning solution, and for attaching this chain or rope. - it may be useful to fix holding boards and wedges at each end of the pipeline When there are only two to three pairs of boards left at You should also take into account how much you can invest and